1999 NFL PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
CLICK HERE FOR -- 1999 NFL GAME OFFICIALS PRONUNICATION GUIDE
AMERICAN FOOTBALL CONFERENCE
BALTIMORE RAVENS
| Justin Armour | ARM-er |
| Steve Broussard | brew-SARD |
| Greg DeLong | de-LONG |
| Spencer Folau | fah-LOWE rhymes with "how" |
| Qadry Ismail | KAH-dree ISS-my-el |
| DeRon Jenkins | dee-RON |
| Jason Maas | moss |
| Edwin Mulitalo | moo-lih-TAHL-oh |
| A.J. Ofodile | oh-FAH-da-lay |
BUFFALO BILLS
| Victor Allotey | ALOE-tay |
| Bill Conaty | CON-uh-tee |
| Sam Cowart | COW-ert |
| John Fina | FEE-nuh |
| John Holecek | HOLL-uh-sek |
| Kamil Loud | KAY-meal |
| Chris Mohr | MORE |
| Eric Moulds | MOULDS |
| Jay Riemersma | REEM-urz-muh |
| Kurt Schulz | SHULTS |
| Antowain Smith | AN-twan |
| Dusty Zeigler | ZIG-ler |
CINCINNATI BENGALS
| Marco Battaglia | Buh-TAG-lee-uh |
| Rich Braham | BRAY-um |
| Ki-Jana Carter | KEE-john-uh |
| Louie Cioffi | CHOE-fee |
| Canute Curtis | Kuh-NOOT |
| Mike Doughty | DOW-tee |
| Marcus Dow | Rhymes with cow |
| Clif Groce | Gross |
| Brock Gutierrez | Goo-TAIR-ez |
| Tim Krumrie | KRUM-rye |
| Dick LeBeau | Luh-BO |
| Brian Milne | The 'e' is silent |
| Steve Mooshagian | Moo-SHAIG-ee-un |
| Chad Pegues | Puh-GEESE |
| Derek Schorejs | Shore-eyes |
| Akili Smith | Uh-KEE-lee |
| Takeo Spikes | Tuh-KEE-oh |
| Jimmy Sprotte | The 'e' is silent |
| Nicky Suala | SOO-uh-loo-uh |
| Tom Tumulty | TUM-ul-tee |
| Brian Uhl | Yule |
| Frank Verducci | Vur-DOO-chee |
| Kimo von Oelhoffen | KEE-moe von OHL-hoffen |
| Reinard Wilson | Ruh-NARD |
CLEVELAND BROWNS
| Rahim Abdullah | ra-HEEM Ab-duel-lah |
| Tim Beauchamp | bow-champ |
| Darrin Chiaverini | shivv-er-re-knee |
| Chris Gardocki | gar-DOCK-key |
| Sylvain Girard | SILL-vin jer-ard |
| John Jurkovic | YUR-kuh-vitch |
| Chris Maumalanga | ma-ma-longa |
| Daylon McCutcheon | mc-CUTCH-in |
| Jamir Miller | JA-meer |
| Marquez Pope | MAR-kez |
| Dawud Rasheed | DA-wood |
| Wali Rainer | Wally RAIN-er |
| Jerry Rudzinski | ra-ZEN-ski |
| Tarek Saleh | TAR-ick sa-LAY |
| Mark Seay | Say |
| Marquis Smith | mar-KEYS |
| John Thierry | Theory |
| Steve Zahursky | za-HER-ski |
DENVER BRONCOS
| Tony Berti | BER-tee |
| Cyron Brown | SY-ron |
| David Bowens | BO-enz |
| Jeff Brohm | BRAWM |
| Glenn Cadrez | ku-DREZ |
| Ryan Christopherson | kri-STOF-er-sun |
| David Diaz-Infante | DEE-oz in-FON-tay |
| Chris Doering | DOOR-ing |
| Troy Dumas | DOO-mus |
| Jason Elam | EE-lum |
| Olandis Gary | o-LAN-dis |
| Chris Gizzi | GIZ-ee |
| Brian Griese | GREE-see |
| Harald Hasselbach | HASS-el-back |
| Darrius Johnson | DARE-ee-us |
| Taj Johnson | TOZH |
| Derek Loville | lu-VIL |
| Viliami Maumau | VI-lee-AH-mee MOW-MOW |
| Tori Noel | no-EL |
| Montae Reagor | MON-tay RAY-ger |
| Tom Rouen | RUIN |
| Mark Schlereth | SHLARE-eth |
| Detron Smith | DEE-tron |
| Maa Tanuvasa | MAH-aH TAH-noo-VA-suh |
| Trey Teague | TEEG |
INDIANAPOLIS COLTS
| Jason Belser | BELL-sir |
| Chad Bratzke | BRAT-ski |
| Lonny Calicchio | Cuh-LICK-e-o |
| Jason Chorak | CHORE-ak |
| Ken Dilger | DIL-gur |
| John Fassel | FOSSIL |
| Tarik Glenn | TAR-ik |
| Edgerrin James | EDGE-rin |
| Antony Jordan | ANT-knee |
| Joshua Keur | KERR |
| Jay Leeuwenburg | LEW-in-berg |
| Ray McElroy | Mc-ELL-roy |
| Chukie Nwkorie | CHEW-key Wuh-CORE-e |
| Jerome Pathon | PAY-thin |
| Brad Scioli | SHE-olihe |
| Mike Vanderjagt | vander-JAT |
| Van Tuinei | TWO-in-a |
JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS
| Tavian Banks | TAY-vee-un |
| Anthony Cesario | Sess-ARE-ee-oh |
| Thabiti Davis | ta-BEE-tee |
| Ed Kehl | KILL |
| Emarlos Leroy | LEE-roy |
| Keenan McCardell | mc-CAR-dell |
| Dary Myricks | MY-ricks |
| Quentin Neujahr | New Year |
| Leon Searcy | SIR-see |
| Joel Smeenge | SMEN-ghee |
| Jabbar Threats | THREETS |
| Rich Tylski | TILL-skee |
| Alvis Whitted | WHIT-ed |
| Zack Wiegert | WEE-gert |
Kansas City Chiefs
| Louie Aguiar | AG-ee-are |
| Elvis Grbac | Ger-BACK |
| Tim Grunhard | GRUN as in run-hard |
| Vershan Jackson | VER-shawn |
| Greg Manusky | MAN-eh-ski |
| Brian Roche | ROACH |
| Pete Stoyanovich | Sto-YON-ovich |
| Dave Szott | ZOT |
| Tamarick Vanover | Tom-ARE-ick |
MIAMI DOLPHINS
| O.J. Brigance | Bre-GANTZ |
| Lorenzo Bromell | Bro-MELL |
| Oronde Gadsden | o-RON-day |
| Yatil Green | Yuh-TEEL |
| Dwight Hollier | HALL-yer |
| Damon Huard | HUE-urd |
| Larry Izzo | IS-o |
| Olindo Mare | o-LEND-o, MAR-ray |
| Dan Marino | Ma-REE-no |
| Bernie Parmalee | PARM-uh-lee |
| Derrick Steagall | STEE-gul |
| Patrick Surtain | sir-TANE |
NEW ENGLAND PATRIOTS
| Tedy Bruschi | Teddy BREW-ski |
| John Friesz | FREEZE |
| Kadar Hamilton | kah-DARR |
| Nafis Karim | nah-FEECE KAREEM |
| Zefross Moss | ZEFF-russ |
| Scott Mutryn | MUE-trin |
| Leonta Rheams | lee-on-TAY REEMS |
| Todd Rucci | ROOCH-ee |
| Kato Serwanga | kah-TOE SIR-wahn-gah |
| Adam Vinatieri | VIN-a-TERRY |
NEW YORK JETS
| Alex Bernstein | BURN-steen |
| Dorian Boose | As in goose |
| Chris Brazzell | BRA-zel |
| Chad Cascadden | Cas-CAD-den |
| Wayne Chrebet | Kra-BET |
| Mike Gisler | GHEE-sler |
| Doug Karczewski | Car-ZOO-ski |
| Greg Lotysz | LOW-tiss |
| David Loverne | LAH-vern |
| J.P. Machado | Ma-CHA-doe |
| Kevin Mawae | Ma-WHY |
| Eric Ogbogu | Oh-BOG-u |
| Jerald Sowell | Soul |
| J.J. Syvrud | SEV-rude |
| Dedric Ward | DEE-drick |
OAKLAND RAIDERS
| Vince Amey | A-Me |
| Leo Araguz | Ara-GOOSE |
| JoJuan Armour | JOE-wan |
| Greg Bellisari | Bell-lee-sorry |
| Mike Cipa | Sip-ah |
| Ferric Collons | Call-lonsz |
| Aaron Dalan | Day-lan |
| Gennaro DiNapoli | Gin-ah-row Den-ah-Pole-E |
| Scott Dreisbach | DRYS-bach |
| Darrien Gordon | Dare-E-N |
| Michael Husted | HOUS-ted |
| Siupele Malamala | Soup-PAY-lee Mahla-Mahla |
| Nick Martucci | Mar-TOO-chee |
| Isaiah Mustafa | MOOSE-tafa |
| Rashaan Salaam | Raw-Shawn Saw-lawm |
| Greg Skrepenak | Skrep-N-nak |
| Matt Stinchcomb | Stench-comb |
| Josh Taves | TAAVS |
| Steve Wisniewski | Wiz-news-key |
PITTSBURGH STEELERS
Mark Bruener |
BREW-ner |
Carlos Emmons |
EM-mins |
Alan Faneca |
FAN- ee-ka |
John Fiala |
FEE-ah-la |
Lethon Flowers |
LEE-thon |
Chris Fuamatu-Maafala |
Fu-ah-MAH-tu ma-ah-FAH-lah |
Kevin Henry |
KEE-vin |
Levon Kirkland |
Luh-VON |
Todd Kollar |
CALL er |
Chris Oldham |
OLD-um |
Orpheus Roye |
OR-fee-us Roy |
Jeremy Staat |
STOHT |
Brenden Stai |
STY |
Justin Strzleczyk |
STREL-zik |
Jerame Tuman |
Jeremy TOO man |
Mike Vrabel |
Vray-bull |
| Amos Zereoue | Zer-O-way |
SAN DIEGO CHARGERS
Ben Bordelon |
BORE-duh-lawn |
Fakhir Brown |
Fah-KEAR |
Brett Chappell |
Shuh-PELL |
Charles Dimry |
DIM-ree |
Michael Dumas |
DOO-mus |
Jermaine Fazande |
FUH-zand |
Al Fontenot |
FAWN-tuh-no |
Matt Gartung |
Gar-tongue |
Steve Heiden |
HIGH-den |
Israel IfeanyIchukwu |
If-ee-awn-ee-chew-kwoo |
Kendyl Jacox |
JAY-cox |
| Chris Knipper | Nipper |
| Natrone Means | NAY-tron |
| Michael Mohring | MORE-ing |
| Al Pupunu | Puh-poo-new |
| Mikhael Ricks | Michael |
| Junior Seau | SAY-ow |
| Troy Sienkiewicz | Sin-KEV-itch |
| Craig Whelihan | WEE-luh-han |
SEATTLE SEAHAWKS
| Josh Amundson | AH-mund-sun |
| Frank Beede | BEE-DEE |
| Jay Bellamy | BELL-a-me |
| Greg Bloedorn | BLAY-dorn |
| DeAuntae Brown | DEE-on-tay |
| Denauld Brown | Da-NARD |
| Joey Eloms | ELL-ums |
| Christian Fauria | FOUR-ee-aa |
| Brian Habib | Ha-BEEB |
| Brock Huard | HUGH-urd |
| Jon Kitna | KIT-na |
| Jamie Kohl | Cole |
| Kevin Kreinhagen | KRINE-HAGE-un |
| Jason McEndoo | MAC-in-due |
| Itula Mili | EE-too-la, MEE-LEE |
| DeShone Myles | Da-Shawn |
| Derek Strey | STRY, as in Fly |
TENNESSEE TITANS
| Joe Bowden | OW as in HOW |
| Samari Rolle | suh-MARI ROLL |
| Craig Hentrich | HEN-trick |
| Joe Salavea | sala-VAY-uh |
| Jevon Kearse | juh-VAUGHN CURSE |
| Dainon Sidney | DAY-nun |
NATIONAL FOOTBALL CONFERENCE
ARIZONA CARDINALS
| Joe Nedney | NED-nee |
| Graham Leigh | LEE |
| Chris Jacke | JACK-ee |
| Chris Greisen | GREYE-suhn |
| Corey Chavous | CHAY-vus |
| Joel Makovicka | mack-oh-VIK-uh |
| Aeneas Williams | uh-NEE-us |
| Joey Dozier | DOUGH-zur |
| Mark Cusano | ku-SAWN-oh |
| Joe Kelenic | KELL-nik |
| Yusuf Scott | YOU-suff |
| Rashod Swinger | ra-SHOD |
| Jomo Cousins | JOE-moe CUZZ-ins |
| Brad Ottis | AH-tis |
| Simeon Rice | simm-ee-ON |
ATLANTA FALCONS
| Lester Archambeau | ar-sham-bow |
| Brendon Ayanbadejo | I yon bond day ho |
| Sherdrick Bonner | Ced rick |
| Ray Buchanan | buu-cannon |
| Emil Ekiyor | Eck ee your |
| Tony Graziani | gra-zee-On-ee |
| Danny Kanell | KA nell |
| Brian Kozlowski | kaaz-LOW-ski |
| Bob Kuberski | KA- bear- ski |
| Ephraim Salaam | eff-rum |
| Craig Sauer | SOW-ur |
| Adam Schreiber | sh-RI-ber |
| Dan Stryzinski | stra-ZIN-ski |
CAROLINA PANTHER
| Steve Beuerlein | BURR-line |
| Tshimanga Biakabutuka | Tee-MON-guh Bee-ock-a-ba-TWO-kah |
| Rob Bohlinger | BOE-linn-jurr |
| Luther Broughton | BROT-ton |
| Rae Carruth | KA-ruth |
| Dameyune Craig | DAME-ee-un |
| Norberto Davidds-Garrido | nore-BURR-toe DAY-vids Gah-REE-do |
| Harry Deligianis | del-JOHN-us |
| John Kasay | CASEY |
| Matt Lytle | LIE-till |
| Kris Mangum | MAN-gum |
| Tim Morabito | more-ah-BEE-toe |
| Muhsin Muhammad | Moo-SIN |
| Hannibal Navies | NAY-vees |
| Bryan Stoltenberg | STOLL-ten-burg |
| Kinnon Tatum | KIN-un TAY-tum |
| Iheanyi Uwaezuoke | ee-HAHN-ee oo-WAY-zoo-kay |
| Klaus Wilmsmeyer | CLOUSE WILMS-my-er |
CHICAGO BEARS
| Jerry Azumah | ah-ZOO-muh |
| Tremayne Allen | tree-MAIN |
| Fabien Bownes FAY | bee-en- BOW-ens |
| Robert Chancey | CHAN-see |
| Curtis Enis | EE-nis |
| Paul Grasmanis | grass-MAN-us |
| Jeff Jaeger | JAY-grr |
| Olin Kreutz | kroots |
| Moses Moreno | mo-REH-no |
| Heron O'Neal | huh-RON |
| Khari Samuel | CAR-ee |
| Sulecio Sanford | suh-LEE-see-oh |
| Todd Sauerbrun | SOUR-brun |
| Chris Villarrial | vuh-LAR-ree-uhl |
| Casey Wiegmann | WEG-man |
| Jerry Wisne | WHIZ-knee |
DALLAS COWBOYS
| Eric Bjornson | be-YORN-son |
| Ebenezer Ekuban | ECK-you-bon |
| Toby Gowin | GO-in |
| Duane Hawthorne | DUH-wann |
| Dale Hellestrae | HELL-uh-stray |
| Raghib Ismail | Rah-GIBB ISS-my-ell |
| Mike Kiselak | KISS-a-lack |
| Brian Kuklick | KOO-click |
| David LaFleur | la-FLU-er |
| LaDouphyous McCalla | la-DAW-fee-us |
| Singor Mobley | sin-GORE |
| Dat Nguyen | WIN |
| Kavika Pittman | kuh-VEE-kuh |
| Alan Ricard | RE-card |
| Tarik Smith | TAR-ick |
| Omar Stoutmire | STOUT-my-er |
DETROIT LIONS
| Pete Chryplewicz | crip-LEV-itch |
| Germane Crowell | crow-WELL |
| Jared DeVries | de-vreeze |
| Scott Kowalkowski | ko-wal-KOW-ski |
| Brock Olivo | o-LEEV-o |
| Robert Porcher | por-SHAY |
| Ron Powlus | PAUL-lus |
| Juan Roque | row-KAY |
| Cory Sauter | SAW-ter |
| Cory Schlesinger | SHLES-in-ger |
| Brian Stablein | STABE-line |
GREEN BAY PACKERS
Chris Akins |
A-kenz |
| Joe Andruzzi | ann-DROOZ-ee |
Jahine Arnold |
JAH-heen |
LeRoy Butler |
luh-ROY |
Mark Chmura |
cha-MER-ah |
Antuan Edwards |
AN-twan |
Brett Favre |
FARVE |
Craig Heimburger |
HIME-burger |
Cletidus Hunt |
CLEE-dee-us |
George Koonce |
KOONTZ |
| Ronnie McAda | ma-KAY-da |
Kevin McCullar |
ma-KULL-er |
| Scott McGarrahan | ma-GAIR-a-han |
| DeMond Parker | de-MOND |
| Bill Schroeder | SHRAY-der |
Mike Wahle |
Wall |
MINNESOTA VIKINGS
| Obafemi Ayanbadejo | Oh-BUH-fem-me Eye-an-buh-day-ho |
| Pete Bercich | Burr-sitch |
| Todd Bouman | Bow-man |
| Matt Cercone | Sir-cone |
| Stalin Colinet | Cah-lynn-A |
| Matthew Hatchette | Hatchet like you cut wood with |
| Trezelle Jenkins | Truh-Zell |
| Jim Kleinsasser | KLINE-Saucer |
| Chris Liwienski | Loo-win-ski |
| Kivuusama Mays | Kaah-vaah-you-suh-muh |
| Ramos McDonald | Ray-MOS |
| Noel Scarlett | Knoll |
| James Souder | SOW-derr |
| Todd Steussie | Stew-see |
| Kailee Wong | K-eye-lee |
NEW ORLEANS SAINTS
| Ink Aleaga | ah-lee-AH-ga |
| Jake Delhomme | DELOHM |
John Farquhar |
FAR-qwar |
| Jerry Fontenot | FONT-in-oh |
| Keno Hills | KEY-no |
| Ron Leshinski | luh-SHIN-skee |
| Chris Naeole | NAY-oh-lee |
| Pio Sagapolutele | SANG-ah-poh-lu-tele |
| Jared Tomich | JAH-red TOHM-ich |
| Gunnard Twyner | GUN-ard TWY-ner |
| Danny Wuerffel | WER-ful |
NEW YORK GIANTS
| Brian Alford | Ow-ford |
| Ty Ardoin | AR-doyn |
| Tiki Barber | TEE-kee |
| Sean Bennett | SHAWN |
| Francesco Biancamano | FRAN-ches-Ko Bee-AN-kuh-MAHN-o |
| O.J.Childress | CHILL-drus |
| Doug Colman | Cole-man |
| Greg Comella | Ka-MELL-uh |
| Brad Daluiso | Dal-low-ee-so |
| Scott Dragos | DRAY-gos |
| Chike Egbuniwe | CHEE-kay Eh-BOON-uh-way |
| Charles Estes | ESS-tees |
| Frank Ferrara | Far-rar-uh |
| Scott Galyon | GAL-yun |
| Sam Garnes | GARNZ |
| Andy Haase | HAHS-ee |
| Ike Hilliard | Hill-yard |
| Bernard Holsey | HOLS-ee |
| LeShon Johnson | Luh-SHAWN |
| Cedric Jones | SED-drick |
| Joe Jurevicius | Jur-uh-VISH-us |
| Scott Kiernan | KEER-nun |
| Steve Konopka | KON-op-kuh |
| Dan Lauta | LOW-tuh |
| Bashir Levingston | Buh-SHEER |
| Roman Oben | OH-bin |
| Luke Petitgout | Pet-ee-GOO |
| Todd Pollack | POL-ek |
| Raymond Priester | PREE-stir |
| Jason Sehorn | SEA-horn |
| Rasheed Simmons | Rah-SHEED |
| Phillippi Sparks | Fuh-LEEP-ee |
| Michael Strahan | STRAY-han |
| Tre Thomas | TRAY |
| Amani Toomer | Uh-MAHN-ee |
| Emmett Zitelli | Zit-Tell-ee |
PHILADELPHIA EAGLES
| David Akers | A-kers |
| Eric Bieniemy | bee-EN-uh-me |
| Doug Brzezinski | bruh-ZHIN-skee |
| Na Brown | NAY |
| Chris Boniol | BONE-yol |
| Tommy Brasher | BRAY-zure |
| Chris Fontenot | FON-tin-oh |
| John Goeller | GOAL-er |
| Tim Hauck | HOWK |
| Aaron Hayden | A-ron |
| George Hegamin | HEG-a-min |
| Mark Kacmarynski | KAK-muh-rin-skee |
| Mike Mamula | muh-MOO-la |
| Lonnie Palelei | pah-le-LAY |
| Allen Rossum | ROSS-um |
| Kaseem Sinceno | sin-SEE-no |
| Steve Spagnuolo | SPAG-no-low |
| Duce Staley | DEUCE |
| Tra Thomas | TRAY |
| Morris Unutoa | oo-nuh-TOE-uh |
| Brandon Whiting | WHITE-ing |
ST. LOUIS RAMS
| Taje Allen | Ta-GEE |
| Jon Hesse | HESS |
| Mike Gruttadauria | GRU-da-DOOR-ri-AH |
| Andy McCollum | Mc-COL-umn |
| Mike Verstegen | Ver-STEE-gen |
| Roger Chanoine | SHAN-wah |
| Kendrick Gholston | GOLD-stun |
| Bobby Singh | SING |
| Todd Frohbieter | FRO-bite-er |
| Az-Zahir Hakim | oz-za-HERE ha-KEEM |
| Jeff Zgonina | Ska-KNEE-na |
SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS
| Mike Bastianelli | bass-tuh-Nelly |
| Shonn Bell | Shawn |
| Dave Fiore | fee-or-ee |
| Mike Grieb | greeb |
| Toya Jones | toy-uh |
| Kelly Malveaux | mal-vo |
| Chike Okeafor | Chee-kay O-KEY-fer |
| Phil Ostrowski | oh-Strow-ski |
| Pierson Prioleau | pray-low |
| Angel Rubio | ru-be-o |
| Wasswa Serwanga | ser-WAN-guh |
TAMPA BAY BUCCANEERS
| Rabih Abdullah | rah-BEE ab-DUE-lah |
| Chidi Ahanotu | CHEE-dee a-HA-noe-too |
| Reidel Anthony | REE-dell |
| Ronde Barber | RON-day |
| James Cannida | CAN-neh-duh (Canada) |
| Jorge Diaz | george |
| Kevin Dogins | DAWG-enz |
| Peter Elezovic | uh-LEZ-uh-vick |
| Martin Gramatica | mar-TEEN gruh-MAT-ee-ka |
| Jacquez Green | ja-KWEZ |
| Tyoka Jackson | tie-OH-kah |
| John McLaughlin | mick-LAWF-lin |
| Dillan Micus | Mike-us |
| Regan Upshaw | RAY-gan |
| Eric Zeier | zire |
WASHINGTON REDSKINS
| Cary Blanchard | blan-chard |
| Marc Boutte | boo-tay |
| Leomont Evans | la-mont |
| Mark Fischer | fish-er |
| Tre Johnson | tray |
| Antwaune Ponds | ann-twon |
| Shar Pourdanesh | poor-DON-esh |
1999 NFL GAME OFFICIALS PRONUNICATION GUIDE
Name |
Pronunciation |
| Baetz, Paul | BATES |
| Balliet, Brian | BALLY ee |
| Botchan, Ron | BOTCH an |
| Corrente, Tony | co RENT e |
| Coukart, Ed | KOO cart |
| Daopoulos, Jim | day OP oo lus |
| Defelice, Garth | DE fe leece |
| Gereb, Neil | GARE eb (hard G) |
| Gierke, Terry | GERK ee (hard G) |
| Hamer, Dale | HAY mer |
| Hochuli, Ed | HOCK you lee |
| Kukar, Bernie | KOO car |
| Leibsack, Ron | LEEB sack |
| Lovett, Bill | LOVE it |
| Luckett, Phil | LUCK it |
| Marinucci, Ron | Mar e NEW chee |
| McElwee, Bob | MACK ul wee |
| Semon, Sid | SEE mon |
| Spyksma, Bill | SPIKES mah |
| Weidner, Paul | WIDE ner |